PRINCE2 Process Model

The PRINCE2 (Projects IN Controlled Environments) framework is widely recognized for its structured approach to project management. By providing a clear methodology and process model, PRINCE2 enables organizations of various sizes and industries to achieve their project objectives with greater control and precision.

This blog will provide a detailed examination of the PRINCE2 Process Model, which is instrumental in effectively guiding project managers through the stages of initiating, controlling, and concluding projects.

What is the Process Model of PRINCE2?

The PRINCE2 Process Model provides a structured methodology for effective project management. It starts with the Starting Up a Project phase, ensuring a proper justification for the project, followed by the directing a project process, where the project board oversees and makes strategic decisions throughout the project's lifecycle. The model progresses through initiating a project for detailed planning, establishing a solid foundation, and controlling a stage where tasks are assigned, and progress is monitored to ensure each stage meets its objectives.

The later stages include Managing Product Delivery, which focuses on producing high-quality deliverables that meet specified requirements, and Managing a Stage Boundary, which reviews the project at the end of each stage and plans for the next. The model concludes with Closing a Project, which wraps up the project by finalizing all activities and conducting evaluations to learn from the project's outcomes. This structured approach helps maintain control and governance, ensuring projects meet their goals efficiently and effectively.

Key Elements of Process Model

The PRINCE2 Process Model is supported by a solid framework that ensures projects are managed efficiently and effectively across various environments. Here are the key elements that constitute the core of the PRINCE2 Process Model:

Principles

PRINCE2 is built on seven fundamental principles that form the foundation of its methodology. These principles are universal and apply equally across different projects, regardless of their nature or the environment in which they operate. They provide guidance that influences the conduct of all processes within the model.

Themes

The framework incorporates seven themes that represent vital aspects of project management that must be continually addressed throughout a project's duration. These themes include the Business Case, Organization, Quality, Risk, Plans, Change, and Progress. Each theme guides the project management team in handling specific areas of the project effectively.

Processes

PRINCE2 outlines seven detailed processes that map out the tasks required at various stages of the project. These processes guide the project team on what to do, when to do it, and how to do it, ensuring that the project is managed smoothly and systematically. They also define specific roles within the project management team responsible for various activities, ensuring clarity and accountability.

Tailoring to Suit the Project Environment

Recognizing the unique challenges and requirements of different projects and environments, PRINCE2 is designed to be adaptable. It is essential to tailor the application of its processes and themes to suit each project's specific needs and constraints. This adaptability helps ensure the methodology remains relevant and effective in diverse settings, increasing the likelihood of a project's success.

Process Model Diagram

The PRINCE2 model diagram is a graphical representation of all the PRINCE2 processes and their interactions. It illustrates the entire project lifecycle, from initiation to completion, and highlights key elements such as project triggers, management products, and the roles involved in each process. This visual tool helps understand the structured flow and integration of activities within a PRINCE2-managed project.

PRINCE2 process map shows the following:

• Displays the project's trigger.
• Which is the mandatory project?
• When and by whom were the first management products developed?
• How do the seven PRINCE2 processes interact with one another?
• In each procedure, which management products are generated and updated?
• How frequently are management products updated?
• Who develops management products?
• How the Project Board manages the project?
• How the final product is accepted, and the project is completed?

Process Model Colours

The standard representation of the PRINCE2 Process Model can make it challenging to recognize that some processes are executed multiple times throughout a project. This complexity can make learning PRINCE2 more difficult as you try to identify the relationships between the processes. Therefore, using colors in the diagram helps clarify these relationships:

• Blue Task: These are executed (created) once in a project. Examples include Starting up the Project, Initiating a Project, creating the Project Initiation Documents, creating a Project Plan, and Closing the Project.
• Green Task: These are executed once for each stage. The diagram shows that Controlling a Stage and Managing Stage Boundaries work together. The green tasks are executed four times if a project has four stages after start-up. An exception occurs at the end of the final stage after all products have been delivered, where the Closing a Project process follows Controlling a Stage, so Managing a Stage Boundary is not performed at the very end.
• Orange Task: These can be executed multiple times within a stage. For example, the Project Manager can create and send a highlight report to the project board weekly during a stage. The Project Board can also give Guidance and Instructions to the Project Manager anytime.
• Dark Red Task: These can be implemented multiple times during a stage. The Project Manager can assign work packages to several Team Managers. A Team Plan can be created for each Work Package, and Team Managers can produce a Checkpoint Report.

The Four PRINCE2 Management Levels

The PRINCE2 Process Model illustrates four distinct management levels, each with its responsibilities and functions:

Corporate or Programme Management

This topmost level involves corporate or program management, which is responsible for the initial project mandate. This mandate serves as the trigger for the project, outlining the project's initial concept and authorization.

Direction

The project board operates at the Direction level, frequently interfacing with the Management level. The Board provides oversight and direction, issuing key notifications and ensuring the project aligns with corporate objectives. This level ensures strategic guidance and high-level decision-making throughout the project's lifecycle.

Management

The Management level is where the Project Manager carries out most of the project's activities and processes. This level includes critical tasks such as Initiating a Project and Controlling a Stage. The Project Manager oversees the day-to-day management, ensuring the project progresses according to plan and addressing any issues.

Delivery

At the Delivery level, the project teams create the project's products. Unlike the management products created in higher levels, the products at this level are the tangible deliverables that users require from the project. These specialist products are the primary reason for undertaking the project and are developed to meet the project's objectives and user needs.

Application of PRINCE2

Understanding the processes within the PRINCE2 framework is essential for effective project management. Below is a brief overview of each process, outlining their primary functions and responsibilities

• Directing a Project (DP): This process involves senior management demonstrating how they control and oversee the project, ensuring it aligns with strategic objectives.
• Starting Up a Project (SU): This brief, pre-project process gathers the necessary information to initiate the project, setting the foundation for all subsequent activities.
• Initiating a Project (IP): This process thoroughly examines the project's justification and creates the Project Initiation Documents, including the Project Plan.
• Controlling a Stage (CS): This process details the Project Manager's daily monitoring and control activities. It is where the Project Manager spends most of their time, ensuring the project stays on track.
• Managing a Stage Boundary (SB): This process provides a structured approach to completing a project stage and planning the next, ensuring transitions between stages.
• Managing Product Delivery (MP): This process focuses on delivering the project's products. Team members produce the specific deliverables that the users will ultimately utilize.
• Closing a Project (CP): This process confirms the delivery of all project products and prepares the project for formal closure, ensuring all aspects are finalized appropriately.

PRINCE2 Activity Diagram

The PRINCE2 Activity Diagram visually represents activities, triggers, and outputs within the PRINCE2 project management methodology. This diagram is a vital tool for understanding the sequence of actions and decision points that ensure the project progresses in a controlled and structured manner. Here's how the key elements are depicted:

Activities

Each PRINCE2 process includes a series of activities, which are the building blocks of the methodology. The activity diagram illustrates these activities as smaller square forms embedded within larger process squares. Each of these squares carries a label representing the specific steps to be completed within the process.

In PRINCE2, an activity is defined as a set of actions that need to be performed to move the project forward. The PRINCE2 guidebook outlines who is responsible for each step, what deliverables are expected, and when these steps should take place. This level of detail ensures that every activity is clearly understood and executed efficiently, contributing to the overall success of the project.

Triggers

A PRINCE2 trigger represents an event or decision that initiates one of the seven main processes within the methodology. Each trigger has a label and a bullet symbol attached to it, indicating which process it activates. These triggers ensure that the project moves from one stage to another appropriately based on specific events or decisions.

Outputs

Outputs in the PRINCE2 Activity Diagram are represented by square shapes within each process, accompanied by letters that denote the status of the outputs during the process:

• A - The output has been authorized.
• C - The output is created as a result of the process.
• R - The output is reviewed during the process.
• U - The output is updated during the process.

Some outputs may have an asterisk (*) next to them, signifying that the result is not a PRINCE2 management product but still plays a role in the process

Additionally, shaded whirl shapes are connected to certain triggers, indicating that these outputs serve as inputs to subsequent processes. The numbers within these shapes represent specific outputs, and the shape's shade denotes which process the output originates from.

Conclusion

The PRINCE2 Process Model provides a structured and adaptable framework that guides project managers through every project stage, ensuring consistency, clarity, and control. By following this model, organizations can improve project success rates, deliver value, and meet their business objectives more effectively.

Ready to master PRINCE2? Enroll in Invensis Learning’s PRINCE2 certification course to gain the skills and knowledge you need to manage projects with confidence and precision.

FAQs on PRINCE2 Process model

1. What is the PRINCE2 process model?

The PRINCE2 process model is a structured approach to project management that outlines seven key processes to guide a project from initiation to closure, ensuring control and quality at each stage.

2. What are the 7 stages in PRINCE2?

Yes, PRINCE2 is designed to be highly adaptable and can be tailored to suit any project, regardless of size, complexity, or industry.

3. What is Process Flow in PRINCE2?

Process Flow in PRINCE2 refers to the sequence and interaction of the seven processes throughout a project, ensuring a logical and controlled progression from start to finish.

4. What are the 7 principles of PRINCE2?

The seven principles of PRINCE2 are Continued Business Justification, Learning from Experience, Defined Roles and Responsibilities, Managing by Stages, Managing by Exception, Focusing on Products, and Tailoring to Suit the Project Environment.