DMAIC is a widely utilized methodology that is the foundation of lean six sigma. Now, lean six sigma is a team-oriented management technique that aims to eliminate waste like physical resources, time, efforts, and defects in order to increase performance.
The appropriate application of DMAIC has benefited businesses in several ways, including lowering costs, improving quality, increasing revenue, and enhancing the overall company’s performance and efficiency. It also helps improve the faults and defects in your organization’s existing projects or processes. The Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt certification is the entry-level certification credential that showcases a professional’s ability to successfully apply the fundamentals of six sigma methodology in an organization. So, if this sounds intriguing, read the article till the very end to understand everything about the DMAIC methodology. So we will start by understanding what the DMAIC methodology is.
What is DMAIC Methodology?
DMAIC is a data-driven problem-solving method for identifying and addressing inefficiencies in a process, improving its outputs, and making these improvements more predictable. The DMAIC methodology was founded by statistician Walter A. Shewhart and was created at Bell Laboratories in the 1930s and gets its roots from the PDSA (plan, do, study, act) cycle.
It is a five-phase approach for enhancing various organizational processes, including software development, manufacturing, and many others. This method is linked with six sigma and may also be used to lean and other process-improvement strategies. The acronym DMAIC stands for: Define- Measure-Analyze Improve Control. Now, the name itself gives out the five stages of this data-driven methodology. Now, let us talk about them one by one in detail.
The Five Phases of DMAIC Methodology
Define
In this first step of DMAIC methodology, the team must clearly define the issues and the action plan necessary to attain the desired results in this initial step toward process improvement. The goal of this phase of DMAIC is to define the problem statement and develop a strategy for improvement. This phase is all about defining the issue and the improvement activity’s objectives. The most essential objectives are obtained from the clients because customer satisfaction is the primary objective of lean six sigma. So, project managers identify the issue to be addressed. To do so, one must first understand the problems as a whole and know the preferences of the customers.
Then they will need to define a problem statement for this and check if the issue reported is relevant by looking at the data available. As a result, they will be able to:
- Prioritize the issue into priorities
- Recognize the areas where it will influence
- Know the available resources
Once they figure out the problem statement and then outline the work process, they can start working on the project. The following stages ensure that the process is moving in the right direction.
The most commonly used DMAIC Tools in the “define” phase is Project Charter.
The project charter is the initial step in every six sigma project and one of the most crucial components. The document includes a summary of the project and serves as a contract between management and the six sigma team for the project’s projected outcome. Teams use the charter to define the process issue being addressed, the reason for doing so, and what “success” looks like for those working on it. Project Charter also helps to clarify what has not been discussed.
Measure
The goal of this phase is to gather data from the process and determine the current quality level. In this stage of DMAIC methodology, the team measures the existing system by defining valid and reliable metrics which will in turn help in tracking progress toward the goal. They must measure and monitor the project’s development and performance as soon as one begins working on it.
They must keep a close eye on the project and write down the “current stage” for the first assessment and use it as a baseline for the subsequent evaluations. It is a benchmark against which the project’s progress will be measured.
They may use this phase to figure out a means to collect as much measurable data as possible since it will be needed to analyze the core cause of the problems and their consequences. Constant updates from the team will be beneficial in this regard. One thing to keep in mind when gathering data is the source. Data must be accurate and come from a reputable source.
To make them more effective, they may make regular updates to the data in the workflow tools, such as a project charter.
The most commonly used DMAIC Tools in the “measure” phase are:
Histogram
It is a type of bar chart that visualizes both attribute and variable data of a product or process and helps users show the different distribution of data and amount of variation within a process. So, it should be designed properly to easily utilize and understand those working in the operation process. Histograms can show the distribution of a process that is going smoothly over time. So, any fluctuation in that process can be immediately observed when histograms are produced on a regular basis. This is a significant benefit for businesses since it allows them to identify and address process variance immediately.
Pareto Chart
A Pareto Chart is a combination of a bar and line table that visually summarizes a set of data. The information might be related to things like cost, time, and mistakes. A Pareto chart helps to measure the cumulative impact of the defects. Now, the cumulative impact is the result of a defect occurring over a long time.
The pareto chart helps and offer a clearer understanding of the problems that must be addressed first, which helps to deliberate and arrange for the right and necessary procedures or actions to be performed in the event of a fault.
Analyze
The major goal of this step in DMAIC methodology is to locate the source of the issue. Then, one may utilize the information gathered in the previous phases to figure out what’s causing it. The team manager keeps a close eye on the entire process along with the data. It is critical to assess the progress. So for this, make a list of the difficulties and concerns that arise from the data and observations. The team may contribute by expressing their perspectives and adding value to the process. Because lean six sigma focuses on removing waste from processes, the analysis includes analyzing the procedure in terms of:
1. Time: How efficiently project participants use their time. Are there any delays as a result of too extended breaks? Is there any factor that is causing the project to fall behind schedule?
2. Value: Is the project on track to meet the customer’s expectations? How does it provide value in terms of efficiency and product quality?
3. Value Stream Mapping: VSM is a technique for visualizing the flow. They may use the data to map the process and pinpoint the locations where waste processes are happening. It will allow the team to make better judgments about whether or not to add or remove a process step.
The most commonly used DMAIC Tools in the “analyze” phase are:
Fishbone- Diagram
During problem-solving, each team member has a different perspective on the root cause of the problem or question. The fishbone diagram collects all items and thoughts then uses brainstorming techniques to analyze and identify the most powerful underlying cause for that problem. It presents the possible causes using a graphic format. The core problem is placed at the head of the fish, then the different processes and sub-processes that may be responsible for the problem are noted in the bones of the fish.
5 Whys
This is a very interesting tool in the analysis phase. So to find the main cause of an issue, they should constantly ask the question “Why” (five is a decent rule of thumb). The actual cause of one problem will often lead to a new question. Despite the name “5 Whys,” one may discover that they need to ask the question fewer or more times than five times before they uncover the issue that is causing the problem.
Improve
In this phase of DMAIC methodology, after gathering the data and determining the root of the problem, the team member must devise a plan to address it. Using the data and the analysis report, the team at this stage seeks to improve the entire process. Now, the enhancements are introduced appropriately to get the intended benefits. As a result, they will need to put together a solid plan of action and assemble a team capable of coming up with creative answers. Proposing and choosing a solution to improve the system is the focus of this phase. This is the phase at which the team must become innovative in order to identify new methods to do things better, cheaper, or faster. The team addresses the root causes directly with an improvement based on the identified root causes.
One thing to keep in mind is that solutions must be feasible. They should be simple to execute and will not significantly increase the project’s expense. Other project restrictions, such as available workforce and technical assistance, must also be considered.
After figuring out the solutions, it’s time to put them into action and it is required to track and measure the progress. Now, to make things simpler, develop a list of the modifications that result in a better overall procedure.
The most commonly used DMAIC Tools in the “improve” phase are:
Countermeasures Matrix
A Countermeasures Matrix outlines the problems, identifies their causes, its fixes (countermeasures), and implementation priorities for an issue. Here, prioritization is determined by the team, ranking the recommended action items based on their importance or feasibility. This matrix acts as a source of information for creating an action plan.
Action Plan
Most improvements will need a strategy to ensure that they are implemented appropriately and that their effectiveness can be measured. So an action plan is very important. It is a strategy that helps improve the end products. An effective action plan will include questions like:
- What are the countermeasures?
- How to do them?
- Who will do them?
- When will they begin and end?
- How will they be measured?
Control
The fifth stage of the DMAIC methodology is control, and it assures that the changes produced will last. It must be ensured that the problems do not occur again and the entire process adheres to the lean six sigma principles. Any deviations should be recorded and brought to the attention of the team. The team implements the solution and gives the ownership of the new, enhanced process to the responsible owner. They create a control strategy to monitor the ongoing performance and employ statistical methods to monitor the new process’s stability.
The team members can develop a monitoring algorithm that allows them to choose the various levels at which the process will function. They may also strategize the action plan to ensure that the gains are evident at these stages. They may also urge team members to keep the data up to date and add the progress at each level. This record is useful during the control phase. To find any issues with your DMAIC implementation, use this record.
The most commonly used DMAIC Tools in the “control” phase is:
Control Chart
In this phase, control charts are the most widely used tool. It helps in identifying the causes for variation in the new process, as well as the identification of corrective measures that must be taken before there are too many errors. This helps eliminate the requirement for product rework or additional product costs to repair an offering. So this was about the five phases of DMAIC methodology and the frequently used tools in these phases.
Initially, DMAIC was known as a method for reducing variation, but now the application of DMAIC can be considered a well-known mechanism for problem-solving and process improvement. Now, let us talk about some of the benefits of the DMAIC methodology.
Also read: The Top 7 Management Tools for Quality Control
Benefits of DMAIC Methodology
DMAIC methodology brings structure, helps in problem-solving, and is applied to complex processes and any type of organization. The data-driven approach helps identify the exact root causes and ensure that the applied enhancements outperform the previous strategy. It’s especially useful when dealing with complicated issues that involve many job functions or departments. Here are a few benefits of DMAIC methodology:
Structured Approach
DMAIC is a systematic technique that gives a road map for finding solutions. This enables us to solve problems from beginning to end while producing bottom-line results. DMAIC also offers an analytical approach, allowing the use of the data gathered. This helps the business ensure accurate baselines.
Faster Cycle Times
DMAIC software removes the friction from improvement, resulting in shorter improvement cycles and a quicker route to positive change. Because DMAIC improves communication, visibility, and responsibility, there is less downtime between phases in the improvement cycle. The faster each changes are implemented from beginning to end, the sooner the benefits are realized and move on to the next initiative.
Better Collaboration
DMAIC improves the collaboration of the entire team. One of the most difficult aspects of structured improvement is keeping everyone on the same page and informed about the cycle’s progress. This is especially challenging when the team consists of individuals from several functional areas who use distinct processes, terminology, and management styles.
More Impact From Improvement
With a knowledge repository in place, each DMAIC cycle may start with a review of what has previously worked successfully or failed. Teams get an advantage in terms of improvement by making more informed, data-driven decisions that result in more effective improvements. DMAIC software is useful because each improvement has the maximum, long-term impact.
Increased Productivity
Because the strategy is so systematic and requires comprehensive documentation, it helps to improve their problem-solving approach and efficiency constantly. DMAIC allows a business to quantify improvements and find answers to complex problems.
Improve the Overall Process
Then, it’s time to apply the DMAIC technique to improve the process. It aids in the identification of the problem’s fundamental cause and allows for the brainstorming of relevant solutions to the problems. The main goal of the DMAIC methodology is to improve the overall process. So these were just some of the benefits of the DMAIC methodology.
Now, sometimes DMAIC and DMADV can be confusing, because they share many similarities. So, let us talk about some differences between them.
Also read: Implementing DMAIC in Your Daily Life
DMAIC vs DMADV
Lean Six Sigma recommends an improvement process which is DMAIC. It is used to improve current processes. It is not concerned with the development of new goods, services, or processes. So, this is where DMADV comes into the picture. DMADV is a modified version for developing a new product, service or process. Now, let us see some differences between them to understand it better.
| DMAIC | DMADV |
| Define – Measure – Analyze – Improve – Control | Define – Measure – Analyze – Design – Verify |
| DMAIC is concerned with improving the current process | DMADV is concerned with designing a new process |
| DMAIC helps reduce and eliminate defects | DMADV helps prevent defects |
| DMAIC is about finding specific solutions to problems | DMADV is a part of the solution design process |
So these were just some of the differences between DMAIC and DMADV.
The DMAIC Methodology – Conclusion
DMAIC consists of five successive steps that produce the greatest outcomes when completed iteratively.
These stages are complementary to one another and, in some situations, iteratively operate together. When you acquire data in the measure phase, for example, you may need to evaluate and rectify it until your team can narrow down the problem’s main cause.
DMAIC is the foundation of the lean six sigma methodology. It is something you may use to improve existing initiatives in your business.
Implementing DMAIC requires a deep knowledge of lean and six sigma principles. This can be achieved by getting trained in globally-recognized six sigma and Six Sigma Certifications and Quality Management Courses from an accredited training organization.
Check out Invensis Learning popular quality management certification courses:
